Echocardiographic Equations


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Robert Donatiello M.D.

Daniel Shindler M.D.


M Mode Measurements

Systolic Time Intervals

Two Dimensional Measurements

Doppler Measurements

Valve Stenosis

Valve Regurgitation

Volume Flow and Shunt Calculation

Ventricular Function

Wall Motion Score


M Mode Measurements:

Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume


Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume


Left Ventricular Stroke volume


Left Ventricular Stroke Index


Left Ventricular Cardiac Output


Left Ventricular Cardiac Index


Ejection Fraction


Left Ventricular Per Cent Fractional Shortening


Interventricular Per Cent Septal Thickening


Left Ventricular Per Cent Posterior Wall Thickening


Left Ventricular Mass


Left Ventricular Mass, corrected


Mean Circumferential Shortening



Systolic Time Intervals:

Back

Left Ventricular Pre-ejection Period, corrected


Left Ventricular Ejection Time, corrected


Right Ventricular Pre-ejection Period, corrected


Right Ventricular Ejection Time, corrected



Two Dimensional Measurements:

Back

Interventricular Per Cent Septal Thickening


Left Ventricular Per Cent Posterior Wall Thickening


Left Ventricular Per Cent Fractional Shortening


Left Ventricular Per Cent Fractional Area Change


Right Ventricular Per Cent Fractional Area Change


Per Cent Change, Expiration to Inspiration


Left Ventricular Volume, Method of Disks


Left Ventricular Stroke Volume, Method of Disks


Left Ventricular Stroke Index, Method of Disks


Left Ventricular Cardiac Output, Method of Disks


Left Ventricular Cardiac Index, Method of Disks


Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, Method of Disks


Left Ventricular Volume, Area/Length Method


Left Ventricular Stroke Volume, Area/Length Method


Left Ventricular Stroke Index, Area/Length Method


Left Ventricular Cardiac Output Area/Length Method


Left Ventricular Cardiac Index, Area/Length Method


Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, Area/Length Method


Left Ventricular Volume, Biplane Method of Disks


Left Ventricular Volume, Biplane, Area/Length Method


Left Ventricular Volume, Bullet Method


Left Atrial Volume, Biplane, Method of Disks


Right Atrial Volume, Biplane, Method of Disks


Right Ventricular Volume, Prolate Ellipse


Left Ventricular Mass, Area/Length Method


Left Ventricular Mass, Truncated Ellipse Method



Doppler Measurements:

Back

Peak Gradient


Pressure Predictions:

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure from Tricuspid Regurgitation


Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure from Ventricular Septal Defect


Pulmonary Artery Diastolic Pressure


Left Ventricular Systolic Pressure


Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure


Left Atrial Systolic Pressure


Simplified Bernoulli


Expanded Bernoulli



Valve Stenosis:

Back

Peak Gradient


Mean Gradient


Continuity Equation


Valve Area by PISA


Valve Area by PISA with Funnel Angle Correcfion (MV and TV)


Instantaneous Flow Rate by PISA


Pressure Half-Time


Mitral Valve Area by Pressure Half-Time


Mitral Valve Area or Tricuspid Valve Area by Biplane Ellipse



Valve Regurgitation:

Back

Regurgitant Volume by PISA (ml)


Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area by PISA


Flow Rate by PISA (ml/sec)


Regurgitant Fraction


Regurgitant Volume by Doppler


Regurgitant Volume by 2D and Doppler


Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area


Aortic Regurgitation Pressure Half-time



Volume Flow and Shunt Calculation:

Back

Stroke Volume (SV)


Stroke Index


Cardiac Output


Cardiac Index


Qp/Qs


Qp-Qs



Ventricular Function:

Back

Per Cent Fractional Shortening


Left Ventricular Wall Stress, Meridional


Left Ventricular Wall Stress, Circumferential


Peak Filling Rate/Stroke Volume


Pulmonary Venous Flow A duration minus Mitral Valve A duration


Systemic Venous Flow A duration minus Tricuspid Valve A duration


Systolic Filling Fraction


Per Cent Change, E to I



Wall Motion Score:

Back



Percent Normal


Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery:


Circumflex Coronary Artery:


Right Coronary Artery:


Back


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e-mail:shindler@umdnj.edu